The Role of Social Media Influencers in Increasing Tourists’ Visit Intention in Indonesian Marine National Park
Abstract
This study aims to determine the role of influencers in encouraging tourists' desire to visit the Indonesian Marine National Park. This research will measure the influencer's source characteristics and subjective norms influencing attitudes toward marketing communication and risk perception. Finally, it will investigate the effect of risk perception on tourists' visit intention. 190 respondents of consumers familiar with tourism influencers serve as the data for the analysis of covariant-based SEM. This research finds that source characteristics and subjective norms positively influence attitudes toward marketing communication. Attitude toward marketing communication does not affect the perceived risk of consumers. Otherwise, the perceived threat does not affect consumer visit intention. Implications and further research are provided.
References
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control (pp. 11–39).
Ajzen, I. (1991a). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 50, 179–211. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249215.n22
Ajzen, I. (1991b). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1922/CDH_2120VandenBroucke08
Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived Behavioral Control, Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, and the Theory of Planned Behavior1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665–683. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1977). Attitude-Behavior Relations: A Theoretical Analysis and Review of Empirical Research. Psychological Bulletin, 84(5), 888–918.
Al-Debei, M. M., Akroush, M. N., & Ashouri, M. I. (2015). Consumer attitudes towards online shopping. Internet Research, 25(5), 707–733. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-05-2014-0146
Al‐maghrabi, T., Dennis, C., & Vaux Halliday, S. (2011). Antecedents of continuance intentions towards e‐shopping: the case of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 24(1), 85–111. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410391111097447
Alavion, S. J., Allahyari, M. S., Al-Rimawi, A. S., & Surujlal, J. (2017). Adoption of Agricultural E-Marketing: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of International Food and Agribusiness Marketing, 29(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974438.2016.1229242
Alderighi, M., Bianchi, C., & Lorenzini, E. (2016). The impact of local food specialities on the decision to (re)visit a tourist destination: Market-expanding or business-stealing? Tourism Management, 57, 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.06.016
Alegre, J., & Cladera, M. (2009). Analysing the effect of satisfaction and previous visits on tourist intentions to return. European Journal of Marketing, 43(5–6), 670–685. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560910946990
Ayo, C. K., Oni, A. A., Adewoye, O. J., & Eweoya, I. O. (2016). E-banking users’ behaviour: e-service quality, attitude, and customer satisfaction. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 34(3), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1108/02652323199400002
Ayuni, S., Larasaty, P., Pratiwi, A. I., & dkk. (2023). Laporan Perekonomian Indonesia 2023. In Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. www.freepik.com
Berne-Manero, C., & Marzo-Navarro, M. (2020). Exploring how influencer and relationship marketing serve corporate sustainability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114392
Bianchi, C., Milberg, S., & Cúneo, A. (2017). Understanding travelers’ intentions to visit a short versus long-haul emerging vacation destination: The case of Chile. Tourism Management, 59, 312–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.08.013
Boomsma, A. (1985). NONCONVERGENCE, IMPROPER SOLUTIONS, AND STARTING VALUES IN LISREL MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION. Psychometrika, 50(2), 229–242. https://link-springer-com.proxy-ub.rug.nl/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF02294248.pdf
Botetzagias, I., Dima, A. F., & Malesios, C. (2015). Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior in the context of recycling: The role of moral norms and of demographic predictors. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 95, 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.12.004
Broers, D. (2020). The influence of review formats on consumers’ purchasing intention of fitness supplements. http://essay.utwente.nl/81796/
Carvalho, M. A. M. (2022). Factors affecting future travel intentions: awareness, image, past visitation and risk perception. International Journal of Tourism Cities, December. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-11-2021-0219
Chen, M. F. (2009). Attitude toward organic foods among Taiwanese as related to health consciousness, environmental attitudes, and the mediating effects of a healthy lifestyle. British Food Journal, 111(2), 165–178. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700910931986
Chetioui, Y., Benlafqih, H., & Lebdaoui, H. (2020). How fashion influencers contribute to consumers’ purchase intention. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 24(3), 361–380. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-08-2019-0157
Cheung, M. L., Leung, W. K. S., Yang, M. X., Koay, K. Y., & Chang, M. K. (2022). Exploring the nexus of social media influencers and consumer brand engagement. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-07-2021-0522
De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through instagram influencers: The impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 36(5), 798–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2017.1348035
Dinh, T. C. T., & Lee, Y. (2021). “I want to be as trendy as influencers” – how “fear of missing out” leads to buying intention for products endorsed by social media influencers. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-04-2021-0127
Dutta, K., Sharma, K., & Goyal, T. (2021). Customer’s digital advocacy: the impact of reviews and influencers in building trust for tourism and hospitality services. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 13(2), 260–274. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-09-2020-0123
Esmaeilpour, M., & Bahmiary, E. (2017). Investigating the impact of environmental attitude on the decision to purchase a green product with the mediating role of environmental concern and care for green products. Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 12(2), 297–315. https://doi.org/10.1515/mmcks-2017-0018
Gibson, B., Redker, C., & Zimmerman, I. (2013). Conscious and nonconscious effects of product placement: Brand recall and active persuasion knowledge affect brand attitudes and brand self-identification differently. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032594
Godovykh, M., Pizam, A., & Bahja, F. (2020). Antecedents and outcomes of health risk perceptions in tourism, following the COVID-19 pandemic. Tourism Review, 76(4), 737–748. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2020-0257
González-Reverté, F., Gomis-López, J. M., & Díaz-Luque, P. (2022). Reset or temporary break? Attitudinal change, risk perception and future travel intention in tourists experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Tourism Futures, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-03-2021-0079
Gupta, V. (2018). Antecedents of Youth Green Intention : An Examination of Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioural Controls. International Journal of Marketing and Business Communication, 7(3), 19–29.
Gvili, Y., & Levy, S. (2016). Antecedents of attitudes toward eWOM communication: differences across channels. Internet Research, 26(5), 1030–1051. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-08-2014-0201
Hair, J. F. J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2018). Multivariate Data Analysis, Multivariate Data Analysis. In Multivariate Data Analysis.
Ham, M., Jeger, M., & Ivković, A. F. (2015). The role of subjective norms in forming the intention to purchase green food. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 28(1), 738–748. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2015.1083875
Han, J., & Chen, H. (2021). Millennial social media users’ intention to travel: the moderating role of social media influencer following behavior. International Hospitality Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/ihr-11-2020-0069
Hanafiah, M. H., Md Zain, N. A., Azinuddin, M., & Mior Shariffuddin, N. S. (2022). I’m afraid to travel! Investigating the effect of perceived health risk on Malaysian travellers’ post-pandemic perception and future travel intention. Journal of Tourism Futures, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-10-2021-0235
Harianja, R., Rahmanda Putra, R., Nurul, A., Mustofa, A., Pratami, M., Syahputra, A., Tri, S., & Wira Hutama, E. (2022). Perilaku Berwisata Wisatawan Nusantara Pasca Pandemi Covid-19. Pariwisata Budaya: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Budaya, 7(1), 34–44. http://ojs.uhnsugriwa.ac.id/index.php/parbud
Hariyanto, O. I. B. (2016). Destinasi Wisata Budaya dan Religi di Cirebon. Jurnal Ecodemica: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Dan Bisnis, 4(2), 214–222. https://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/ecodemica/article/view/830
Hasanah, R. (2019). Kearifan Lokal Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Budaya Di Desa Sade Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. DESKOVI : Art and Design Journal, 2(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.51804/deskovi.v2i1.409
Hikmawan, Y., & Pradhanawati, A. (2016). Analisis Keterkaitan Media Sosial, Mord of Mouth, Potensi Wisata, Dan Praktik Place Branding Di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis S1 Undip, 1–12.
Husted, B. W., Russo, M. V., Meza, C. E. B., & Tilleman, S. G. (2014). An exploratory study of environmental attitudes and the willingness to pay for environmental certification in Mexico. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 891–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.07.008
Jalilvand, M. R., & Samiei, N. (2012). The impact of electronic word of mouth on a tourism destination choice: Testing the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Internet Research, 22(5), 591–612. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662241211271563
Jeong, E. H., Jang, S. C., Day, J., & Ha, S. (2014). The impact of eco-friendly practices on green image and customer attitudes: An investigation in a café setting. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 41, 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.03.002
Jin, S. V., Muqaddam, A., & Ryu, E. (2019). Instafamous and social media influencer marketing. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 37(5), 567–579. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-09-2018-0375
Jordan, G., Leskovar, R., & Marič, M. (2018). Impact of Fear of Identity Theft and Perceived Risk on Online Purchase Intention. Organizacija, 51(2), 146–155. https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2018-0007
Jun, J., Kang, J., & Arendt, S. W. (2014). The effects of health value on healthful food selection intention at restaurants: CONSIDERING the role of attitudes toward taste and healthfulness of healthful foods. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 42, 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.06.002
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–292.
Keban, R., Asih, R. R. D., & Pratomo, L. A. (2020). Destination Image of “Thousand Islands”: Antecedents and Consequences. 151(Icmae), 207–210. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200915.048
Khan, M. J., Chelliah, S., Khan, F., & Amin, S. (2019). Perceived risks, travel constraints and visit intention of young women travelers: the moderating role of travel motivation. Tourism Review, 74(3), 721–738. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-08-2018-0116
Khan, M. J., Chelliah, S., Khan, F., & Khan, F. (2021). Factors affecting future travel intentions: awareness, image, past visitation and risk perception. Tourism Review, 15(3), 384–398. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-11-2021-0219
Kharuhayothin, T., Kitiwong, W., & Chaitarin, W. (2023). Generation Z’s COVID-19 risk perception and socially responsible behaviors influencing intentions to participate in the tourism stimulus campaign. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-10-2022-0481
Khor, X. Y., Teoh, A. P., Vafaei-Zadeh, A., & Md Hanifah, H. (2023). Predicting electronic personal health record (e-PHR) acceptance: evidence from emerging market. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-06-2021-0069
Ki, C. W. ‘Chloe,’ & Kim, Y. K. (2019). The mechanism by which social media influencers persuade consumers: The role of consumers’ desire to mimic. Psychology and Marketing, 36(10), 905–922. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21244
Kin, N., & Farida, N. (2016). Effects of convenience online shopping and satisfaction on repeat-purchase intention among students of higher institutions in Indonesia. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 21(2).
Kristaung, R., & Pratomo, L. A. (2020). The Green Hotel Knowledge Towards Consumer Behavior Intention: Empirical Model Testing. 151(Icmae), 38–40. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200915.010
Leung, X. Y., & Jiang, L. (2018). How do destination Facebook pages work? An extended TPB model of fans’ visit intention. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(3), 397–416. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2017-0088
Li, Y., & Peng, Y. (2021). Influencer marketing: purchase intention and its antecedents. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 39(7), 960–978. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-04-2021-0104
Limbong, F., & Soetomo, S. (2014). Dampak Perkembangan Pariwisata Terhadap Lingkungan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Ruang: Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah Dan Kota, 2(1), 51–60.
Lou, C., & Yuan, S. (2019). Influencer Marketing: How Message Value and Credibility Affect Consumer Trust of Branded Content on Social Media. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 19(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2018.1533501
Madyaningrum, I. R., Utomo, A. C. C., & Pratama, Y. W. (2019). Partisipasi Masyarakat Lokal Dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Kritis, 28(2), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.24246/kritis.v28i2p140-148
Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & Mcdonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-Fit Indexes in Confirmatory Factor Analysis: The Effect of Sample Size Herbert. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 391–410.
Mathew, P. M. (2016). Attitude segmentation of Indian online buyers. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 29(3), 359–373. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-08-2014-0078
Matiza, T. (2020). Post-COVID-19 crisis travel behaviour: towards mitigating the effects of perceived risk. Journal of Tourism Futures, 8(1), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-04-2020-0063
Mohammadi, H. (2015). A study of mobile banking usage in Iran. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 33(6), 733–759. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-08-2014-0114
Mouakket, S., & Al-Hawari, M. A. (2012). Examining the antecedents of e-loyalty intention in an online reservation environment. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 23(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2012.03.005
Nazneen, S., Xu, H., Ud Din, N., & Karim, R. (2021). Perceived COVID-19 impacts and travel avoidance: application of protection motivation theory. Tourism Review, 77(71672089), 471–483. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2021-0165
Novrani, A. (2014). Analisis permintaan wisatawan nusantara objek wisata Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Kabupaten Jepara. Journal Diponegoro of Economics, 3(5), 1–5.
Presiden Republik Indonesia. (2014). UU No 1 Tahun 2014. Aturan Pemerintah. https://medium.com/@arifwicaksanaa/pengertian-use-case-a7e576e1b6bf
Prihadi, N., & Anugrah, N. (2023). Kunjungan Wisata Alam Kawasan Konservasi Meningkat Di Tahun 2022. Siaran Pers KLHK. https://www.menlhk.go.id/site/single_post/5235/kunjungan-wisata-alam-kawasan-konservasi-meningkat-di-tahun-2022
Priyanto, S. E. (2016). Dampak Perkembangan Pariwisata Minat Khusus Snorkeling Terhadap Lingkungan: Kasus Destinasi Wisata Karimunjawa. Kepariwisataan: Jurnal Ilmiah, 10(03), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.47256/kepariwisataan.v10i03.117
Pusat Data dan Informasi KLHK. (2020). Statistik 2020 Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. In Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.
Ridwanudin, O., & Ahmad, F. (2022). Analisis Revisit Intention Pendakian di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Tourism Scientific Journal, 7(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.32659/tsj.v7i1.151
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business. In Wiley (Vol. 53, Issue 9).
Sekaran, Uma, & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Bussiness A Skill-Bulding Approach. www.wiley.com
Şengel, Ü., Genç, G., Işkın, M., Çevrimkaya, M., Zengin, B., & Sarıışık, M. (2022). The impact of anxiety levels on destination visit intention in the context of COVID-19: the mediating role of travel intention. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/jhti-10-2021-0295
Shah Alam, S., & Mohamed Sayuti, N. (2011). Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in halal food purchasing. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 21(1), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/10569211111111676
Shahrabani, S., Teitler-Regev, S., Desivilya Syna, H., Tsoukatos, E., Ambrosio, V., Correia Loureiro, S. M., & Voulgaris, F. (2020). The effects of socio-political context on Tourism. EuroMed Journal of Business, 15(1), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-08-2018-0050
Singh, R. P., & Banerjee, N. (2018). Exploring the influence of celebrity credibility on brand attitude, advertisement attitude and purchase intention. Global Business Review, 19(6), 1622–1639. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918794974
Siregar, M. K. H. S., & Pratomo, L. A. (2020). Antesenden dari Customer satisfaction pada Online Travel Service. Al Tijarah, 6(3), 21. https://doi.org/10.21111/tijarah.v6i3.5604
Solomon, M. R. (2018). Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having and Being.
Soltani, M., Soltani Nejad, N., Taheri Azad, F., Taheri, B., & Gannon, M. J. (2021). Food consumption experiences: a framework for understanding food tourists’ behavioral intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(1), 75–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2020-0206
Staus, A. (2011). Which household attitudes determine the store type choice for meat? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18(3), 224–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2010.11.003
Sujood, Hamid, S., & Bano, N. (2021). Behavioral Intention of Traveling in the period of COVID-19: An application of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Perceived Risk. International Journal of Tourism Cities, July. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-09-2020-0183
Suleman, N. R., Rufaidah, P., & Ariawaty, R. N. (2015). The Influence Of Destination Personality And Perceived Value On Destination Image In National Park Bunaken And Wakatobi. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4(8), 327–337.
Sun, J., Leung, X. Y., & Bai, B. (2021). How social media influencer’s event endorsement changes attitudes of followers: the moderating effect of followers’ gender. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(7), 2337–2351. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2020-0959
Sundermann, G., & Raabe, T. (2019). Strategic Communication through Social Media Influencers: Current State of Research and Desiderata. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 13(4), 278–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2019.1618306
Susanti, R., Purwanto, S., Yudistira, S., & Lisna, Y. P. (2021). Travel Pattern Wisatawan Selama Pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Keluarga, 13(1), 114–115.
Susmita, M. S., & Soenyoto, T. (2022). Survey manajemen Watersport Salma Dive Shope Centre di Kepulauan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Indonesian Journal for Physical Education and Sport (INAPES), 3(1), 79–83. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/inapes
Taillon, B. J., Mueller, S. M., Kowalczyk, C. M., & Jones, D. N. (2020). Understanding the relationships between social media influencers and their followers: the moderating role of closeness. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 29(6), 767–782. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-03-2019-2292
Tangmanee, C. (2016). Research in Business Direct and Indirect Effects of Perceived Risk and Website Reputation on Purchase Intention : 5(6), 1–11.
Tarkiainen, A., & Sundqvist, S. (2005). Subjective norms, attitudes and intentions of Finnish consumers in buying organic food. British Food Journal, 107(11), 808–822. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700510629760
Teeroovengadum, V., Seetanah, B., Bindah, E., Pooloo, A., & Veerasawmy, I. (2021). Minimising perceived travel risk in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic to boost travel and tourism. Tourism Review, 76(4), 910–928. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2020-0195
Thakur, R., & Srivastava, M. (2014). Adoption readiness, personal innovativeness, perceived risk and usage intention across customer groups for mobile payment services in India. Internet Research, 24(3), 369–392. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-12-2012-0244
Umardiono, A. (2011). Pengembangan Obyek Wisata Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Karimun Jawa. Jurnal FISIP, 24(3), 192–201.
Wang, E. S. T., & Chou, C. F. (2021). Norms, consumer social responsibility and fair trade product purchase intention. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 49(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-09-2019-0305
Wang, L. H., Yeh, S. S., Chen, K. Y., & Huan, T. C. (2022). Tourists’ travel intention: revisiting the TPB model with age and perceived risk as moderator and attitude as mediator. Tourism Review, 77(3), 877–896. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-07-2021-0334
Weismueller, J., Harrigan, P., Wang, S., & Soutar, G. N. (2020). Influencer endorsements: How advertising disclosure and source credibility affect consumer purchase intention on social media. Australasian Marketing Journal, 28(4), 160–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2020.03.002
Wibawati, D., & Prabhawati, A. (2021). Upaya Indonesia Dalam Mempromosikan Kuliner Sebagai Warisan Budaya Dunia. Journal of Tourism and Creativity, 5(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.21856/j-pep.2021.4.08
Wijayanti, A. (2020). Wisata Kuliner Sebagai Strategi Penguatan Pariwisata Di Kota Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Khasanah Ilmu - Jurnal Pariwisata Dan Budaya, 11(1), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.31294/khi.v11i1.7998
Woodroof, P. J., Howie, K. M., Syrdal, H. A., & VanMeter, R. (2020). What’s done in the dark will be brought to the light: effects of influencer transparency on product efficacy and purchase intentions. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 29(5), 675–688. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-05-2019-2362
Ye, G., Hudders, L., De Jans, S., & De Veirman, M. (2021). The Value of Influencer Marketing for Business: A Bibliometric Analysis and Managerial Implications. Journal of Advertising, 50(2), 160–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2020.1857888
Yeung, R. M. W., & Yee, W. M. S. (2020). Travel destination choice: does perception of food safety risk matter? British Food Journal, 122(6), 1919–1934. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-09-2018-0631
Copyright (c) 2023 Luki Adiati Pratomo, Fatik Rahayu, Raymond Siregar, Dwi Hartini Rahayu, Kahti Ramadhia Risde, Prameshwari Dinda Lisanti (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
