Efficiency Redefined: An ANP-Optimized Work Scheduling on Employee Productivity in the Manufacturing Industry
Abstract
Scheduling is one of the important factors that affect employee productivity in a company. PT Maspion, as one of the large companies with a large number of employees, faces challenges in optimal work scheduling to meet varied production needs. This study aims to optimize work scheduling using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method by considering several dimensions of criteria such as consistency, predictability, adequacy, and control. The research method used is a descriptive quantitative approach with primary data obtained through interviews and questionnaires to 30 experts in the field of work scheduling. The results show that consistent, predictable, adequate, and controlled work scheduling can increase employee productivity and employee well-being. In conclusion, the application of the ANP method in work scheduling can help companies in increasing employee productivity and welfare.
References
Alikor, W. S., & Anele, R. U. (2022). Work-Life Balance And Employee Productivity In Commercial Banks In Rivers State. Mass Communication and Management Journal, 8(3), 33–42.
Amirthalingam, M., & Høstmælingen, E. K. (2024). Integrating Demand Prediction and Optimization for Rostering and Rerostering in the Service Industry (Nomor June). Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
Ananat, E. O., & Gassman-Pines, A. (2021). Work Schedule Unpredictability: Daily Occurrence and Effects on Working Parents’ Well-Being. Journal of Marriage and Family, 83(1), 10–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12696
Arianto, D., & Puspita, A. D. (2019). Pengaruh Shift Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Melalui Variabel Kelelahan Dan Beban Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Di Pt M.I. JISO : Journal of Industrial and Systems Optimization, 2, 23–28. https://doi.org/10.51804/jiso.v2i1.23-28
Bhende, P., Mekoth, N., Ingalhalli, V., & Reddy, Y. V. (2020). Quality of Work Life and Work–Life Balance. Journal of Human Values, 26(3), 256–265. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685820939380
Brossoit, R. M., Crain, T. L., Hammer, L. B., Lee, S., Bodner, T. E., & Buxton, O. M. (2020). Associations among patient care workers’ schedule control, sleep, job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Stress and Health, 36(4), 442–456. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2941
Bürgy, R., Michon-Lacaze, H., & Desaulniers, G. (2019). Employee scheduling with short demand perturbations and extensible shifts. Omega (United Kingdom), 89, 177–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2018.10.009
Carlucci, D. (2010). Evaluating and selecting key performance indicators: An ANP-based model. In Measuring Business Excellence (Vol. 14, Nomor 2, hal. 66–76). https://doi.org/10.1108/13683041011047876
Chakraborty, D., & Biswas, W. (2019). Evaluating the impact of human resource planning programs in addressing the strategic goal of the firm: An organizational perspective. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 16(5), 659–682. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAMR-01-2019-0007
Chandrayuni, M. A., Putra, I. G. C., & Parwita, G. B. S. (2023). The Influence of Work Conflict, Workload on the Productivity of New Refrez SPA Therapists Mediated by Job Satisfaction. Social Science and Humanities Journal, 7(08), 3155–3175. https://doi.org/10.18535/sshj.v7i08.814
Dian, C. (2024). About production in Maspion. Interviewed on, 24 June 2024, 09.15.
Dong, J., & Ibrahim, R. (2020). Managing supply in the on-demand economy: Flexible workers, full-time employees, or both? Operations Research, 68(4), 1238–1264. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2019.1916
Downes, P. E., & Lee, E. S. (2023). A relational view of shiftwork: Co-scheduling with higher performers. Human Resource Management, 62(4), 429–443. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22137
Ernst, A. T., Jiang, H., Krishnamoorthy, M., & Sier, D. (2004). Staff scheduling and rostering: A review of applications, methods and models. European Journal of Operational Research, 153(1), 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00095-X
Esteban Álvarez, Juan-Carlos Ferrer, Juan Carlos Muñoz, C. A. H. (2009). Efficient shift scheduling with multiple breaks for full-time employees: A retail industry case. Gynecologic Oncology, 141(2016), 21–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.081
Gong, G., Chiong, R., Deng, Q., Han, W., Zhang, L., Lin, W., & Li, K. (2020). Energy-efficient flexible flow shop scheduling with worker flexibility. Expert Systems with Applications, 141, 112902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.112902
Gonzalez-Urango, H., Mu, E., Ujwary-Gil, A., & Florek-Paszkowska, A. (2024). Analytic network process in economics, finance and management: Contingency factors, current trends and further research. Expert Systems with Applications, 237(PA), 121415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121415
Group, M. (2021). Maspion Group. https://maspion.com/id/about
Guerriero, F., & Guido, R. (2022). Modeling a flexible staff scheduling problem in the Era of Covid-19. Optimization Letters, 16(4), 1259–1279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11590-021-01776-3
Han, Z. (2024). Research on the relationship between employees ’ core competence and work efficiency. 29, 144–148.
Harknett, K., Schneider, D., & Irwin, V. (2021). Improving health and economic security by reducing work schedule uncertainty. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(42). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107828118
Heimo, H. (2024). Optimizing Passenger Service Roster Planning : Enhancing Employee Well-being and Satisfaction at Finavia Oyj. Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences.
Hsu, Y. Y., Bai, C. H., Yang, C. M., Huang, Y. C., Lin, T. T., & Lin, C. H. (2019). Long Hours’ Effects on Work-Life Balance and Satisfaction. BioMed Research International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5046934
Joshua, A., Ph, A., Bolanle, D. O., & Ph, D. (2020). Organizational Communication and Teachers’ Productivity in Secondary Schools in Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 11(17), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.7176/jep/11-17-11
Kale, M. B. (2024). Effect on Performance of Employees Working in Rotational Shifts within the Pharmaceutical Industry in India (Nomor January). Dublin Business School.
Undang - Undang RI No 13 tahun 2003, Ketenagakerjaan (2003).
Kesavan, S., Lambert, S. J., Williams, J. C., & Pendem, P. K. (2022). Doing Well by Doing Good: Improving Retail Store Performance with Responsible Scheduling Practices at the Gap, Inc. Management Science, 68(11), 7818–7836. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4291
Kheybari, S., Rezaie, F. M., & Farazmand, H. (2020). Analytic network process: An overview of applications. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2019.124780
Kurniawan, Z., Marimin, M., & Rusdah, R. (2021). Model Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penentuan Strategi Peningkatan Kinerja Guru Menggunakan Metode Analytic Network Process. Jurnal Sisfokom (Sistem Informasi dan Komputer), 10(2), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.32736/sisfokom.v10i2.1130
Loustaunau, L., Petrucci, L., Coffey, A., Lauderback, E., Peters, H. E., Scott, E., & Stepick, L. (2020). Combating Unstable Schedules for Low-wage Workers in Oregon. August.
Mahaputra, M. R. (2022). Effect of Salary and Work Environment on Productivity (Study of Human Resource Management Literature). International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary, 1(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.38035/ijam.v1i2.73
Matherly, L. L., & Nahyan, S. S. Al. (2015). Workplace quotas: Building competitiveness through effective governance of national-expatriate knowledge transfer and development of sustainable human capital. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 23(3), 456–471.
Niemira, M. P., & Saaty, T. L. (2006). Decision Making With The Analytic Network Process. In International Series in Operations Research and Management Science (Vol. 95). https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-33987-6_3
Omar, S., Bano, Y., & Ismail, F. (2022). Succession Planning Best Practices for Large and Small Organizations Yasmeen Bano Siti Sarah Omar. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2117(1961), 11–21.
Patentius. (2022). Pengaruh Komunikasi, Penjadwalan, dan Kejelasan Job Description Terhadap Efisiensi Kerja Karyawan Pada PT. Diamas Star. Emabi:Ekonomi Dan Manajemen Bisnis, 1, 265–273.
Pfeifer, C., & Mohrenweiser, J. (2023). Firms’ Use of Temporary Employment and Permanent Workers’ Concerns about Job Security: Evidence from German Linked Employer-Employee Data. Economies, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11080205
Quezada, L. E., Aguilera, D. E., Palominos, P. I., & Oddershede, A. M. (2022). An ANP Model to Generate Performance Indicators for Manufacturing Firms Under a Balanced Scorecard Approach. EMJ - Engineering Management Journal, 34(1), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/10429247.2020.1840877
Rachman, M. M. (2021). The Impact of Work Stress and the Work Environment in the Organization: How Job Satisfaction Affects Employee Performance? Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 09(02), 339–354. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2021.92021
Rasool, S. F., Wang, M., Tang, M., Saeed, A., & Iqbal, J. (2021). How toxic workplace environment effects the employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational support and employee wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052294
Rodrigues, D., Godina, R., & da Cruz, P. E. (2021). Key performance indicators selection through an analytic network process model for tooling and die industry. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413777
Schneider, D., & Harknett, K. (2019). Consequences of Routine Work-Schedule Instability for Worker Health and Well-Being. American Sociological Review, 84(1), 82–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418823184
Schneider, D., & Harknett, K. (2021). Hard Times: Routine Schedule Unpredictability and Material Hardship among Service Sector Workers. Social Forces, 99(4), 1682–1709. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaa079
Serov, S. I. (2023). Transfer Of An Employee To Another Employer As A Preventive Measure In The Face Of Modern Political And Economic Challenges. European and Asian Law Review, Vol. 6(Is. 1), 65–77.
Shahanipour, S., Amindoust, A., Sahraian, K., & Beiranvand, S. (2020). Identification and prioritization of human resource strategies with employees’ creativity approach in administrative organizations using SWOT–ANP. Opsearch, 57(1), 119–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12597-019-00416-w
Soriano, J., Jalao, E. R., & Martinez, I. A. (2020). Integrated employee scheduling with known employee demand, including breaks, overtime, and employee preferences. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 13(3), 451–463. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3126
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian & Pengembangan, Research and Development. Alfabeta.
Taghizadehalvandi, M., & Ozturk, Z. K. (2019). Multi-objective Solution Approaches for Employee Shift Scheduling Problems in Service Sectors. International Journal of Engineering Transactions C: Aspects, 32(9), 1312–1319. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2019.32.09c.12
Taherdoost, H., & Madanchian, M. (2023). Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Methods and Concepts. Encyclopedia, 3(1), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3010006
Trenggonowati, D. L., & Kulsum, K. (2021). Analisis Faktor Prioritas Penilaian Kinerja Internal dan Eksternal Divisi C&SBU di PT XYZ Menggunakan Metode Analytical Network Process (ANP). Journal Industrial Servicess, 6(2), 166. https://doi.org/10.36055/62012
Turner, D. P. (2020). Sampling Methods in Research Design. Headache, 60(1), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13707
Wang, G., Saher, L., Hao, T., Ali, A., & Amin, M. W. (2024). Unlocking employee innovative behavior: the role of humble leadership, core self-evaluation, and leader-member exchange. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01668-y
Copyright (c) 2024 Ilham Muzakki, Rita Ambarwati (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
