الترادف و الإشتراك اللفظى و التضاد فى اللغة العربية
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Abstract
Hubungan kata dan makna dalam bahasa Arab ada dalam bentuk sinonim (al-taradif), homonim (al-isytiraq al-lafzi), dan antonim (al-tadad). Al-taradif menurut bahasa Arab adalah beberapa kata berbeda lafal tetapi mempunyai makna yang sama atau hampir sama, atau beberapa kata yang menunjuk pada konsep dan makna yang sama. Adapun al-isytiraq al-lafzi adalah satu kata yang mempunyai beberapa makna. Sementara al-tadad adalah dua kata yang ‘dianggap’ berlawanan. Disebut ‘dianggap’ berlawanan dua kata tersebut karena berlawanan tersebut tidak bersifat mutlak, seperti jauh dengan dekat, atau kaya dan miskin. Ketiga hubungan kata dan makna tersebut masing-masing memiliki sebab-sebab yang mempengaruhinya. Begitu pula terdapat perbedaan di antara para ilmuwan memandang ketiga hal tersebut.
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