KRITIK NALAR ARAB : Tinjauan Kritis atas Pemikiran Muhammad ‘Abid al-Jâbirî
Abstract
Muhammad ‘Âbid al-Jâbirî mengemukakan gagasan segar dalam rangka proyek besar bagi kebangkitan umat yaitu melalui proyek pemikirannya yang ia sebut dengan Kritik Nalar Arab. Kritik Nalar Arab dilatarbelakangi oleh semangat revivalisme (Kebangkitan Islam) dalam dua gagasan yaitu sebagai refleksi atas kegagalan kebangkitan Islam sekaligus upaya untuk merealisasikan kebangkitan Islam yang tak kunjung datang.Muhammad ‘Âbid al-Jâbirî melalui konsep Kritik Nalar Arab mengkaji pertumbuhan akal orisinal Arab yang disebutnya sebagai akal retoris (al-‘aql al-bayani). Akal ini dipresentasikan oleh ilmu bahasa Arab, ushul fikih dan ilmu kalam. Setelah itu al-Al-Jâbirî memasukkan dua akal yang lain dalam dunia pemikiran Arab yaitu akal gnostis (al-irfani) dan akal demonstratif (al-burhani). Nalar ‘irfani lebih menekankan pada kematangan sosial skill (empati, simpati,) sedangkan nalar burhani yang ditekankan adalah korespondensi ( al-muthabaqah bana al-‘aql wa nizam al-thabi’ah) yakni kesesuaian antara rumus-rumus yang diciptakan oleh akal manusia dengan hukum-hukum alam. Kalau tiga pendekatan keilmuan agama Islam, yaitu bayani, irfani, dan burhani saling terkait, terjaring dan terpatri dalam satu kesatuan yang utuh, maka corak dan model keberagaman Islam jauh lebih komprehensif.
ABSTRACT
Muhammad Abid al-Jabiri puts forward the fresh idea in the framework of great project for ummah’s resurrection, what he calls as Critique of Arab Reason. The Critique of Arab Reason is driven by the spirit of Islamic revivalism containing two notions, namely as a reflection of the failure of Islamic awakening as well as the efforts for implementing the Islamic revivalism. Muhammad Abid al-Jabiri through his project wants to dig out the original development of Arab reason that is basically as rhetoric reason (aql- al-Bayan). The reason is represented by the science of Arabic language, legal theory (ushul fiqh), theological discourse (ilm kalam). Furthermore, Abid al-Jabiri includes the other reasons in the Arabic thinking world, the Gnostic mind (irfani) and the demonstrative mind (burhani). The first reason is more emphasizing the maturity of social skill such as empathy or sympathy. Meanwhile the latter emphasizes correspondence (al-Muhatabaqah baina al-Aql wa nizam al-tabi’ah), that is, the congruence between the formulas that has been created by human being and the natural laws. If the three Islamic scientific approaches can be tightly interconnected, the models and patterns of Islamic religiosity are much comprehensive.
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