Reception of Tāj al-Dīn al-Subkī’s Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ and Its Impact on Post-Classical Uṣūl al-Fiqh Literature

  • Mohamed Jabir Ali al-Hudawi University Brunei Darussalam
    (BN)
Keywords: Shāfiʿī jurisprudence, post-classical Islamic legal theory, sharḥ-matn relationship, commentary literature, intellectual legacy

Abstract

This study meticulously examines the historical trajectory of post-classical uṣūl al-fiqh literature, unraveling the enduring legacy of Tāj al-Dīn al-Subkī’s (d. 771/1370) seminal work, Jamʿ al-jawāmiʿ. Authored by the distinguished Shāfiʿī jurist and historian in the 8th/14th century, this treatise has transcended temporal boundaries, evolving into a worldwide cornerstone of Islamic legal education. Using Bloom’s Taxonomy, this research analyses Jamʿ al-jawāmiʿ’s role in the uṣūl al-fiqh tradition. It illustrates how the work quickly gained recognition as a foundational textbook through its conciseness and comprehensiveness, sparking a surge of commentaries from scholars across multiple juristic schools. This investigation explores the key factors that contributed to its initial reception, establishment as a core textbook, and profound impact on subsequent uṣūl al-fiqh scholarship. Drawing on bio-bibliographical sources, the study illuminates the enduring influence of Jamʿ al-jawāmiʿ in shaping the discipline, emphasizing the interplay between base texts (matn) and their commentaries in evolving uṣūl al-fiqh scholarship. The findings challenge assumptions about the originality of commentary literature, encouraging further research into the intricate developments of this intellectual tradition and reinvigorating interest in its interpretive legacies.

References

ʿAbd al-Awwal ibn Ḥammād al-Anṣārī, al-Majmūʿ fī tarjamat al-ʿAllāmah al-Muḥaddis al-Shaykh Ḥammād ibn Muaḥmmad al-Anṣārī (Maktaba al-Shāmilah).
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd al-Laṭīf Āl al-Shaykh, Mashāhīr ʿulamāʾ Najd, Riyad: Dār al-Yamāmah, 1972.Abū Bakr ibn Qāḍī Shuhbah, Ṭabaqāt al-Shāfiʿiyyah (Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 1987).
Abū Zahrah, Muḥammad, Uṣūl al-Fiqh (Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī, 1997).
Ahmed El Shamsy, ‘The Ḥāshiya in Islamic Law: A Sketch of the Shāfiʿī Literature’, Oriens 41. 3/4 (January 2013), 289-315, http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18778372-13413404.
Al-ʿAlwānī, Ṭāhā Jābir, Uṣūl al-Fiqh al-Islāmī: Manhaj Baḥth wa Maʿrifah, 2nd edn (Riyad: al-Dār al-ʿIlmiyyah li al-Kitāb al-Islāmī, 1995).
Al-ʿAṭṭār, al-ʿAllāmah Ḥasan, Ḥāshiyat al-ʿAṭṭār ʿalā Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1999).
Al-Bannānī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Jād Allāh, Ḥāshiyat al-Bannānī ʿalā Sharḥ al-Maḥallī (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1998).
Al-Ghazzī, Najm al-Dīn Muḥammad, al-Kawākib al-Sāʾirah bi Aʿyān al-Miʾah al-ʿĀshirah, ed. by Khalīl al-Manṣūr (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1997).
Al-Ḥafnāwī, Muḥammad Ibrāhīm, al-Fatḥ al-Mubīn fī Ḥall Rumūz wa Muṣṭalaḥāt al-Fuqahāʾ waʾl-Uṣūliyyīn (Egypt: Dār al-Salām, 2007).
Al-Hudawi, Mohamed Jabir Ali, ‘Terminologies of classical uṣūlī texts: a study of al-Subkī’s Jamʿ al-jawāmiʿ’, Islamic Insight Journal of Islamic Studies (IIJIS), 5.1 (2022), 11–38
Al-Hudawi, Mohamed Jabir Ali, and Hikmatullah Babu Sahib, ‘Methodology of classical uṣūlī texts: a critical appraisal of Tāj al-Subkī’s Jamʿ al-jawāmiʿ’, Indonesian Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society, 8.2 (2023), 24–49
Al-Khalīl al-Naḥwī, Bilād Shanqīt al-Manārah waʾl-Rabāṭ (Tunisia: al-Munaẓẓamah al-ʿArabiyyah li al-Tarbiyah waʾl-Thaqāfah waʾl-ʿUlūm, 1987).
Al-Khuḍrī Bayk, Muḥammad, Uṣūl al-Fiqh (Egypt: Al-Maktabah al-Tijāriyyah al-Kubrā, 1969).
Al-Maḥallī, Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, Al-Badr al-Ṭāliʿ fī Ḥall Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ, 1st edition, ed. by Abū al-Fidāʾ Murtaḍā ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad (Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risālah Nāshirūn, 2005).
Al-Marāghī, ʿAbd Allāh Muṣṭafā, Al-Fatḥ al-Mubīn fī Ṭabaqāt al-Uṣūliyyīn, 2nd edn (Beirut: Muḥammad Amīn Damj, 1974).
Al-Mardāwī, ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī, al-Taḥbīr sharḥ al-Taḥrīr, ed. by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (Riyad: Maktabah al-Rushd, 2000).
Al-Murādī, Muḥammad Ḥalīl, Silk al-Durar fī Aʿyān al-Qarn al-Thānī ʿAshar, ed. by Akram Ḥasan al-ʿUlabī (Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 2002).
Al-Qanūjī, Siddīq ibn Ḥasan, Abjad al-ʿUlūm (Lahore: Al-Maktabah al-Quddūsiyyah, 1983).
Al-Ṣafadī, Khalīl ibn Aybak, Al-Wāfī bi al-Wafayāt (Weisbaden: Dār al-Nashr Franz, 1949).
Al-Sakhāwī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Al-Ḍawʾ al-Lāmiʿ li Ahl al-Qarn al-Tāsiʿ (Beirut: Dār al-Jīl, 1992).
Al-Sakhāwī, Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad, al-Jawāhir waʾl-durar fī tarjumat Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Ḥajar, ed. by Ibrāhīm ʿAbd al-Majīd (Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 1999).
Al-Saynāwī, Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥāj ʿUmar, Al-Aṣl al-Jāmiʿ li Īḍāḥ al-Durar al-Manẓūmah fī Salk Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ (Tunisia: Maṭbaʿat al-Nahḍah, 1928).
Al-Shanqīṭī, Sayyidī Bāb ibn al-Shaykh Sayyib Muḥammad, Irshād al-Muqallidīn ʿinda Ikhtilāf al-Mujtahidīn, ed. by al-Ṭayyib ibn ʿUmar (Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 1997).
Al-Sharbīnī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Taqrīrāt al-Sharbīnī. Printed in the margin of Al-ʿAllāmah Ḥasan al-ʿAṭṭār, Ḥāshiyat al-ʿAṭṭār ʿalā Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1999).
Al-Shāṭibī, Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā, al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharīʿah, ed. by Abū ʿUbaydah Mashhūr ibn Ḥasan al-Sulaymān (Saudi Arabia: Dār Ibn ʿAffān, 1997).
Al-Shāṭibī, Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsā, al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharīʿah, ed. by ʿAbd Allāh Darrāz (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 2005).
Al-Shawkānī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī, al-Badr al-Ṭāliʿ bi Maḥāsin man baʿda al-Qarn al-Sābiʿ, ed. by Khalīl al-Manṣūr (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1998).
Al-Shawkānī, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī, Irshād al-fuḥūl ilā taḥq̣īq al-ḥaqq min ʿilm al-uṣūl, ed. by Al-Shaykh Aḥmad ‘Azw (Damascus: Dār al-Kutub, 1999).
Al-Subkī, Tāj al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh, ed. by ʿAbd al-Munʿim Khalīl Ibrāhīm (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 2003).
Al-Subkī, Tāj al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ. In Majmūʿ Muhimmāt al-Mutūn (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1994).
Al-Subkī, Tāj al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, Manʿ al-Mawāniʿ ʿan Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ, ed. by Saʿīd ibn ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Ḥumayrī (Beirut: Dār al-Bashāʾir, 1999).
Al-Subkī, Tāj al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, Muʿīd al-Niʿam wa Mubīd al-Niqam (The Restoration of Favours and the Restrainer of Chastisements), ed. by D. W. Myhrman (London: Luzac &Co, 1978).
Al-Subkī, Tāj al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, Rafʿ al-Ḥājib ʿan Mukhtaṣar Ibn al-Ḥājib, ed. by ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ and ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd (Beirut: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 1999).
Al-Subkī, Tāj al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, Ṭabaqāt al-Shāfiʿiyyah al-Kubrā, ed. by Maḥmūd Muḥammad al-Ṭanāḥī and Abd al-Fattāḥ (Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyyah, 1992).
Al-Subkī, Tāj al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, Ṭabaqāt al-Shāfiʿiyyah al-Kubrā, ed. by Muṣṭafa ʿAbd al-Qādir Aḥmad ʿAṭā (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1999).
Al-Subkī, Taqī al-Dīn and al-Subkī, Tāj al-Dīn, al-Ibhāj fī Sharḥ al-Minhāj, ed. by Maḥmūd Amīn al-Sayyid (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 2004).
Al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Sharḥ al-Kawkab al-Sāṭiʿ fī Naẓm Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ, ed. by Maḥmūd ʿAbd al-Raḥmān and Muntaṣir Muḥammad (Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-Islāmī, 2006).
Al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Naẓm al-ʿIqyān fī Aʿyān al-Aʿyān (Beirut: Al-Maktabah al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1927).
Al-Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Sharḥ al-Kawkab al-Sāṭiʿ fī Naẓm Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ, ed. by Muḥammad Ibrāḥīm al-Ḥafnāwī (Cairo: Dār al-Salām, 2005).
Al-Zankī, Ṣāliḥ, Maʿālim al-Turāthī al-Uṣūlī: Kitāb Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ liʾl-Imām Ibn al-Subkī Namūdhajan (Kuala Lumpur: Dār al-Tajdīd, 2007).
Al-Zarkashī, Badr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Bahādur, Tashnīf al-Masāmiʿ bi Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ, ed. by Abū ʿAmr al-Ḥusyn (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 2000).
Amīr al-Ṣanʿānī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl, Irshād al-nuqqād ilā taysīr al-ijtiḥād, ed. by Salaḥuddin Maqbul Aḥma (Kuwait: al-Dar al-Salafiyya, 1405).
Amīr al-Ṣanʿānī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl, Kitāb uṣūl al-fiqh al-musammā Ijābat al-sāʾil sharḥ Bughyat al-āmil (Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 1986).
ʿAqīlah, Ḥusayn, Dirāsah wa Taḥqīq Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ fī ʿilm Uṣūl al-Fiqh li ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAlī Tāj al-Dīn ibn al-Subkī (Doctoral thesis, Algiers: University of Algiers, 2006)
Asad Q. Ahmed, ‘Post-Classical Philosophical Commentaries/Glosses: Innovation in the Margins’, Oriens 41. 3/4 (January 2013), 317–48, https://doi.org/10.1163/18778372-13413405.
Bābānī, Ismāʿīl Bāshā, Hadiyyat al-ʿĀrifīn Asmā’ al-Mu’allifīn wa Āthār al-Muṣannifīn (Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1951).
Blājī, ʿAbd al-Salām, Taṭawwur ʿIlm Uṣūl al-Fiqh wa Tajadduduhu (Egypt: Dār al-Wafā’, 2007).
Brockelmann, C., Tārīkh al-Adab al-ʿArabī, Trans. By Maḥmūd Fahmī Ḥijāzī (Egypt: Al-Hay’at al-Miṣriyyah al-ʿĀmmah li al-Kitāb, 1995).
Falūsī, Masʿūd ibn Mūsā, Madrasat al-Mutakallimīn wa Manhajuhā fī Dirāsat Uṣūl al-Fiqh (Riyad: Maktabat al-Rushd, 2004).
Ḥājī Khalīfah, Muṣṭafā ibn ʿAbd Allāh, Kashf al-Ẓunūn ʿan Usāmā al-Kutub wa’l-Funūn. (n.p. Dār al-Fikr, 1982).
Hallaq, W. B., A History of Islamic Legal Theories (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
Ḥasan ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Bukhārī, ʿĀmir Bahjat and Waʿd bint Abdillāh al-Fahd, al-Ḥaqībah al-talīmiyyah li-matni Jamʿ al-jawāmiʿ (tashjīrāt wa tadrībāt) (Saudi Arabia: Dār Ṭaybat al-Khaḍirā’, 2020).
Hasan Izral, ‘Bediuzzaman Said Nursi and his project for educational reform’, in AL-NUR Academic Studies on Thought and Civilization, 3.3 (2011), 153-166.
Ḥasan Khālid Muṣṭafā Maḥmūd, Naqd Uslūb al-Zalmī wa Naqḍu Iʿtirāḍātihi (Irbil, 2010.
Hasan, Ahmad, The Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (New Delhi: Adam Publishers, 2005).
Ḥasanāt, Aḥmad Ibrāhīm Ḥasan, al-Imām Tāj al-Dīn al-Subkī wa Manhajuhu fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh (Master thesis, Jordan: al-Jāmiʿah al-Urduniyyah, 2002).
Haytham Khaznah, Taṭawwur al-Fikr al-Uṣūlī al-Ḥanafī (Jordan: Dār al-Rāzī, 2007).
Hudawi, M. Jabir Ali, Hikmatullah, ‘Al-Subkī’s Jamʿ al-jawāmiʿ: a critical appraisal of its structure and contents’, The Journal of Rotterdam Islamic and Social Sciences, 5.1 (2014), 59–79
Hudawi, Mohamed Jabir Ali, ‘al-Subkī’s Jamʿ al-jawāmiʿ: a conceptual critical analysis of its significance, methodology and terminology’ (Master Thesis, Malaysia: International Islamic University Malaysia, 2013).
Ḥulūlū, Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, al-Ḍiyā’ al-Lāmiʿ Sharḥ Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh, ed. by ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn ʿAlī al-Namlah (Riyad: Maktabat al-Rushd, 1999).
Ibn al-ʿImād, ʿAbd al-Ḥayy ibn Aḥmad, Shadharāt al-Dhahab fī Akhbār man Dhahab (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1998).
Ibn al-ʿIrāqī, Walī al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥīm, Al-Ghayth al-Hāmiʿ: Sharḥ Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ, ed. by Muḥammad Tāmir Ḥijāzī (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 2004).
Ibn al-Najjār, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Futūḥī, Sharḥ al-Kawkab al-munīr, ed. by Muḥammad al-Zuḥylī (Maktabah al-ʿUbaykān, 1418/1997).
Ibn Amīr al-Ḥāj, Abū Abdillāh Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad, Kitāb al-taqrīr wa’l-taḥrīr ʿalā Taḥrīr al-Kamāl ibn al-Humām (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1403/1983).
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī, Al-Durar al-Kāminah fī Aʿyān al-Mi’ah al-Thāminah (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1997).
Ibn Khaldūn, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Muḥammad, Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldūn, ed. by ʿAlī ʿAbd al-Wāḥid Wāfī (Cairo: Dār Nahḍat Miṣr, 1979).
Ibn Qāsim, Aḥmad al-ʿAbbādī, Al-Āyāt al-Bayyināt ʿalā Indifāʿi aw Fasādi mā Waqaftu ʿalayhi mimmā Ūrida ʿalā Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ wa Sharḥihi li al-Muḥaqqiq min al-Iʿtirāḍāt (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah,1996).
Ingalls, Matthew B. ‘Zakariyyā al-Anṣārī and the Study of Muslim Commentaries from the Later Islamic Middle Period’, Religion Compass, 10. 5 (2016), 118–30, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec3.12198.
Kaḥḥālah, ʿUmar Riḍā, Muʿjam al-Mu’allifīn: Tarājum Muṣannifī al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyyah (Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1957).
Kamali, Mohammad Hashim, Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, 2nd edn (Malaysia: Ilmiyah Publishers, 2000).
Khallāf, Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, ʿIlm Uṣūl al-Fiqh (Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 2003).
L.W.C. (Eric) Van Lit, ‘Commentary and Commentary Tradition,’ MIDÉO 32 (2017), 3–26.
Majmūʿatun min al-Mu’allifīn, al-Muʿjam al-jāmiʿ fī tarājum al-ʿulamā’ wa-ṭalabat al-ʿilm al-muʿāṣirīn (Al-Maktabah al-Shāmilah).
Majmūʿatun min al-Mu’allifīn, Majmūʿ muhimmāt al-mutūn (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1994).
Makdisi, G., The Rise of Colleges (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1981).
Matthew Ingalls, The Anonymity of a Commentator (State University of New York Press, 2021).
Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Ra’ūf al-Munāwī, al-Yawāqīt wa’l-durar fi sharh Nukhbat al-fikr, ed. by Al-Murtaḍā Aḥmad (Riyad: Maktabat al-Rushd, 1999).
Muḥammad Bay Balālam, al-Ghusn al-dānī fī tarjamat al-Shaykh al-Tanlānī (al-Maktaba al-Shāmilah).
Muḥammad Bay Balālam, Irshād al-ḥā’ir ʿilā ma’rifat qabīlat Fulān fī janūb al-Jazā’ir (al-Maktaba al-Shāmilah).
Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar Makhlūf, Shajarat al-nūr al-zakiyyah fī ṭabaqāt al-Mālikiyyah (Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, 2003).
Muḥammad Maḥfūẓ, Tarājum al-mu’allifīn al-Tūnisiyyīn, 2nd edn (Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islām, 1994).
Nādiyah Sharīf al-ʿUmarī, Al-Ijtihād fī al-Islām (Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Risālah, 2001).
Nyazee, I. A, Islamic Jurisprudence (Malaysia: Other books, 2003).
Shaʿbān, Muḥammad Ismāʿīl, Uṣūl al-Fiqh: Tārīkhuhu wa Rijāluhu (Riyad: Dār al-Mirrīkh, 1981).
Shafeeq, H. V., ‘A Proposed Framework for the Curriculum of Islamic Education: Implications on the Curricula of Islamic Religious Higher Education Institutions of Kerala, India’ (PhD. dissertation, Malaysia: International Islamic University, 2011).
Zakariyyā al-Anṣārī, Abū Yaḥyā, al-Nujūm al-Lawāmiʿ fī Ibrāzī Daqāʾiq Sharḥ Jamʿ al-jawāmiʿ li al-Maḥallī, ed. by ʿAbd al-Ḥafīẓ al-Jazārī and Murtaḍā ʿAlī (Riyad: Maktabah al-Rushd, 2007).
Zakariyyā al-Anṣārī, Abū Yaḥyā, Ghāyat al-Wuṣūl Sharḥ Lubb al-Uṣūl (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 2002).
Zubair, K., ‘Religious Higher Education in Kerala and Java Province of Indonesia: A Comparative Study’ (PhD. Thesis, New Delhi: JNU, 2010)
Published
2024-11-21
How to Cite
al-Hudawi, M. J. A. (2024). Reception of Tāj al-Dīn al-Subkī’s Jamʿ al-Jawāmiʿ and Its Impact on Post-Classical Uṣūl al-Fiqh Literature. Al-Daulah : Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Ketatanegaraan, 13(2), 116-142. https://doi.org/10.24252/al-daulah.v13i2.51130
Abstract viewed = 115 times